All About Pakistan – An Overview

A glimpse of Pakistan

Islamic Republic of Pakistan (اسلامی جمہوریہ پاکستان)

A look at the history of Pakistan

• 8000 B.C,  Mehrgarh is an ancient city built with red bricks
• 3000 B.C,  Indus Valley Civilization, Mohen Jodaro, and Harappan Civilizations
• 1700 BC, the Arrival of Aryans from Central Asia. Arya wrote Rigveda Maha Bharat
• 516 B.C., Gandhara civilization. Pushkalavati (Charsadda) and Taxila are is to be its capital.
• 325 B.C., The arrival of Alexander the Great in Hund, Taxila, Salt Range, and returning through  Makran Desert.
• 321 B.C., Chandragupta Maurya founded the Moorish Empire. His grandson Ashoka converted to Buddhism and spread Buddhism in the subcontinent.
• 60 AD, the Arrival of Kashan from Central Asia. They made Kabul their main capital while Peshawar was called their winter capital
• 711 A.D,  Muhammad Bin Qasim entered Pakistan till Multan and Islam flourished in that era.
• In 870 AD, Hindu Shahi made Hund the capital and ruled for about 1020 days.
• During 979-1030, Mehmood Ghaznavid attacked the subcontinent for 17 times.
• 1129 A.D,  Shahabuddin Ghori, Khilji, Tughluq, Lodhi and Suri dynasties.
• 1221 AD, the Arrival of Genghis.
• 1469,  Birth year of Baba Guru Nanak of Sikh religion
• 1526, defeating Ibrahim Lodhi in the field of Panipat and Zaheer Uddin Babar set the foundation of
• the Mughal Empire.
• 1540-45, Sher Shah Suri and Babur fight
• 1556-1605, Mughal Emperor Jalaluddin Akbar took over the government.
• 1605-1627, Jhangir’s era ( A true lover of art) He promoted the Persian language and worked for it.
• 1627-1658, Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal, Agra, Shalimar Bagh, Lahore, Jahangir tomb, and Shahi mosque Thatta.
• 1658-1707 AD, Aurangzeb Alamgir’s reign. Shahi Masjid Lahore was built
• In 1739 D, Arrival of Nader shah from Iran.
• In 11740-1773, Ahmad Shah Durrani, the ruler of Afghanistan, conquered Punjab, Kashmir, and Sindh.
• In 1799-1 839, Ranjit Singh ruled as Maharaja.
• In 1843, Sir Charles Napier captured Sindh.
• In 1846, The British gave Kashmir to Gulab Singh.
• In 1849, the British occupation of Punjab.
• In 1857, the war of independence was fought.
• In 1858, British rule was established.
• In 1877, Queen Vitoria assumed the title of” queen of India “.
• In 1887, Balochistan came under the control of the British.
• In 1906, the All India Muslim League was established.
• In 1940, The Pakistan resolution was presented.
• In 1947, On August 14, the Islamic state of Pakistan came into being on the world map.
• 1948, Death of Quaid-e-Azam. Pakistan and India fought over the Kashmir issue.
• In 195, Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan was martyred in Liaqat Bagh Rawalpindi.
• In 1956, The Constitution was passed.
• In 1965, On September 6, India attacked Pakistan in the dark of night.  (The war ended after 17 days with the intervention of the United Nations).
• In 1969, Yahya khan took over the government.
• 1970-1977, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was the Prime Minister.
• In 1972, The region of East Pakistan separated from West Pakistan and became Bangladesh,
• 88, General Zia-ul- Haq imposed martial law.
• In 1979, Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was hanged.
• In 1988, General Zia-ul-Haq died in a plane crash along with top military leadership.
• During 1988-1990, Ms. Benazir Bhutto was elected as the first woman Prime Minister.
• 1990-1993, Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif assumed the post of Prime Minister.
• 1993-1996, Mrs, Benazir Bhutto became the Prime Minister for the second time.
• During 1997-99 Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif became the Prime Minister for the second time.
• In 1998, Pakistan responded to India’s five nuclear blasts with seven blasts and received the honor of being the first ever atomic power among the Muslim States.
• 1999-2008 General Pervez Musharraf took over the elected government of Mian Muhammad Nawaz and he was sent to Saudi Arabia.
• In 2001, 9/11 happened.
• On 8^th September 2005, more than 80,000 People lost their lives to severe earthquakes.
• In 2007, Mian Muhammad Nawaz Shan returned from Saudi Arabia.
• In 2008, Ms. Benazir Bhutto left the world at Liaquat Bagh Rawalpindi and Asif Ali Zardari was elected President.
• During 2008-2013, Syed Yusuf Raza Gilani became the prime minister.
• In 2013, Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif will be elected Prime Minister for the third time with a huge majority.
• In 2013 ‘Mamnoon Hussain was elected as the President of Pakistan.

Languages & Dialects

Urdu, English, Punjabi, Sindhi, Balochi, Pashtu, Saraiki, Shina, Balti, and Khwar in northern areas.

Major Cities

• Islamabad
• Karachi
• Lahore
• Faisalabad
• Rawalpindi
• Peshawar
• Quetta
• Multan
• Hyderabad

Archaeological Sites or Traces

Mohan Jodaro, Harappa ,Taxila, Digikot, Mahar Garh, Takht Bhai, Swat

Ancient & Modern Masterpieces of Architecture

• Faisal Mosque Islamabad
• Shah Jahan Mosque Thatta
• Makli Graveyard Thatta
• Rani Kot Fort Dadu
• Shrines or cemeteries in Uch Sharif
• Badshahi Mosque in Lahore
• Shahi Qila Lahore
• Shalimar Garden Lahore
• Masjid Wazir Khan
• Jahangir’s tomb in Lahore
• Rohtas Fort Jhelum
• Derawar Fort in Cholistan, Bahawalpur
• Noor Mahal Bahawalpur
• Bhong Mosque in Rahim Yar Khan

Famous Glaciers

Large Rivers

Elevated Peaks (more than 8000 meters)

Famous Passes in Pakistan

 Deserts in Pakistan

Beautiful Lakes in Pakistan

Museums of Pakistan

• Museum of natural history (Bahawalpur zoo) (1942) Bahawalpur
• Archaeological Museum (the 1960s) Bhumbore Thatta
• Bhatt Shah Cultural Museum. Local art and musical instruments (1962) Bhat Shah
• Dir Museum Archaeological Chakdra. Dir
• Agricultural Museum (University of Agriculture) Agriculture(1909) Faisalabad
• Gaddu Barrage Museum (Barrage-related items)
• Archaeological Museum (1926) Harappa Sahiwal
• Education Museum (University of Sindh) (1959) Hyderabad
• Sindh Provincial Museum (related to Indus Civilization, Islamic and British), Hyderabad
• Talpur Museum (Fort Museum) Talpur Family Items Hyderabad
• Folk and Heritage Museum (Folk Heritage, Culture of Pakistan) (1973) Islamabad
• Pakistan Railway Heritage Museum (Golra Station) History of Railways Islamabad
• National Museum of Natural History Islamabad
• Pakistan monument museum Reflecting the History of Pakistan Islamabad”
• Aiwan Rifaf and Art Gallery Painting Karachi
• Maritime Museum Karachi Associated with Pakistan Navy
• PAF Museum Karachi Associated with Pakistan Air Force
• Archaeological Museum (Karachi University) (1955) Karachi
• Karachi Municipal Aquarium (Clifton) Karachi
• Karachi Zoological Gardens (Mammals, Reptiles, Birds, and Fish)
• National Museum of Pakistan (1950) Karachi
• Natural History Museum (Karachi University) (1950 ) Karachi
• Quaid-e-Azam Birth Palace (Wazir Mansion) (1953) Karachi
• Quaid e Azam Museum (Personal belongings of the founder of Pakistan)
• State Bank Museum (Information from the beginning of currency to today’s) Karachi
• Fort Museum (Shahi Qila) (1928) Lahore
• Chaughtai Museum Artworks of painter Abdul Rahman Chaghtai (1977 Lahore)
• Lahore Faqir Khan Museum ( brought rare art pieces of Muslim, British and Sikh eras)
• Natural History Museum (Jaloo Park) (1987) Lahore
• Allama Iqbal Museum ( Personal items of Allama Iqbal (1976)) Lahore
• Lahore  Archaeological Museum ( Muslim, Buddhist, and English period items (1864)) Lahore
• Islamic Museum (Badshahi Masjid),(Islamic holy objects) Lahore
• Science Museum (Engineering University Lahore
• Natural History Museum (Government College University) (1910) Lahore
• Shah Karmii Museum Personal belongings of artist Shakir Ali (1975) Lahore
• Mangla Dam Site Museum Mangla Dam related to the construction of Mangla Dam
• Archaeological Museum (1925) Moin Jo Daro
• Air Force Museum (1964) Peshawar
• Archaeological Museum (University of Peshawar) Peshawar
• Islamia College University Museum (1934), Peshawar
• Air Force Museum (1962), Peshawar
• Archaeological Museum (Muslim, Buddhist Periods (1907 AD)) Peshawar
• Archaeological Museum (1972) Quetta
• Botanical Museum (Garden College) (the 1930s) Rawalpindi
• Forest Museum (1962), Peshawar
• Army Museum (1961), Rawalpindi
• Swat Museum (Muslim, Gandhara Civilization (1959))
• LAYOD Museum Sukkur, related to Sukkur Barrage
• Talpur House Museum Personal Items – Tando Muhammad Khan – Hyderabad
• Taxila Museum Gandhara Civilization (1918) Taxila
• Umarkot Museum Umarkot related to the reign of King Akbar
• Allama Iqbal Museum (at Allama Iqbal Birthplace) Sialkot

Windup Lines

Pakistan is not only a land of diverse landscapes and rich history but also a nation with a vibrant culture and a hospitable population. From its ancient archaeological sites to modern architectural marvels, the country offers a unique blend of heritage. Its towering peaks, majestic glaciers, and breathtaking lakes make it a paradise for adventure seekers.

As you explore this remarkable nation, you’ll encounter the warmth of its people and the echoes of a history that spans millennia. Whether you’re trekking in the northern mountains, wandering through the bustling cities, or admiring the cultural treasures, Pakistan offers an unforgettable journey.